Held to inform the public9/5/2023 The second exclusion is limited to criminal law enforcement agencies and protects the existence of informant records when the informant’s status has not been officially confirmed. The provisions protecting those records are known as “exclusions.” The first exclusion protects the existence of an ongoing criminal law enforcement investigation when the subject of the investigation is unaware that it is pending and disclosure could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement proceedings. Exemption 9: Geological information on wells.Ĭongress has provided special protection in the FOIA for three narrow categories of law enforcement and national security records.Exemption 8: Information that concerns the supervision of financial institutions. Could reasonably be expected to endanger the life or physical safety of any individual Would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions, or would disclose guidelines for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could reasonably be expected to risk circumvention of the law Could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source Could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy Would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication Could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement proceedings Exemption 7: Information compiled for law enforcement purposes that:.Exemption 6: Information that, if disclosed, would invade another individual’s personal privacy.Deliberative Process Privilege (provided the records were created less than 25 years before the date on which they were requested).Exemption 5: Privileged communications within or between agencies, including those protected by the:.Exemption 4: Trade secrets or commercial or financial information that is confidential or privileged.Exemption 3: Information that is prohibited from disclosure by another federal law.Exemption 2: Information related solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of an agency.Exemption 1: Information that is classified to protect national security.The FOIA authorizes agencies to withhold information when they reasonably foresee that disclosure would harm an interest protected by one of these nine exemptions. Congress established nine exemptions from disclosure for certain categories of information to protect against certain harms, such as an invasion of personal privacy, or harm to law enforcement investigations. The results are based on a Gallup study of 5,593 Americans aged 18 and older conducted between May 31 and July 21, 2022.Not all records are required to be released under the FOIA. In one olive branch, if Americans believed local news organizations didn’t have the resources or opportunities to cover the news, they would be more likely to pay for it. In a picture of how people get their news, 58% said online, 31% said television, 7% said radio and 3% mentioned printed newspapers or magazines.įor members of Gen Z, aged 18- to 25-years-old, 88% said they got their news online, the survey found. That was at the outset of a presidential election year and the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. In a finding reflected in the financial struggles of some news organizations and declining ratings of television news networks, the survey found 32% of Americans said they pay a great deal of attention to local news, compared to 56% in early 2020. Overall, 55% of respondents said there was a great deal of political bias in coverage, compared to 45% in 2017. Over the past five years, the level of distrust has particularly spiked among independents. Like with many other studies, Knight and Gallup found Democrats trust news more than Republicans.
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